Butanol

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{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"! | Butanol|-| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-! | General|-| IUPAC nomenclature| 1-Butanol|-| Other names| Butanol
Butan-1-ol
n-Butanol
normal-Butanol
Butyl alcohol
Butyric alcohol
Propylcarbinol|-| Chemical formula| C4H10O|-| Simplified molecular input line entry specification| CCCCO|-| Molar mass| |-! | Properties|-| [Density and Phase (matter)| 0.8098 g/cm³ @ 20 °C, liquid|-| Solubility in Water (molecule)| 9.1 mL/100 mL H2O at 25 °C|-|-! | Structure|-| Orbital hybridisation#Molecule shape | ? |-| Coordination geometry | ? |-| Crystal structure ], monoclinic, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, tetragonal, cubic, and mention "close packed" or similar. You may also cite what class it belongs to, e.g. Cadmium_chloride#Crystal_structure -->|-| Dipole#Molecular dipoles| 1.52 Debye (1-butanol)|-! | Hazards |-| Material safety data sheet| External MSDS|-| Main Worker safety and healths| flammable|-| NFPA 704| 37 °C (99 °F)|-| [Risk and Safety Statements| List of R-phrases:

List of S-phrases:
|-| RTECS number]|-| Butanol (data page)#Structure and properties| Refractive index, Dielectric constant, etc.|-| Butanol (data page)#Thermodynamic properties| Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas|-| Butanol (data page)#Spectral data| UV/VIS spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry|-! | Related compounds|-| Related alcohols], Pentanol,
Isobutanol, 2-Butanol,
tert-Butanol, [Butyric acid,
Butylene
[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|-|}

Butanol or butyl alcohol (sometimes also called biobutanol when produced biologically), is a primary alcohol with a 4 carbon structure and the molecular formula of Carbon4Hydrogen10Oxygen. It is primarily used as a solvent, as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, and as a fuel. There are four isomeric structures for butanol.

Isomers The unmodified term butanol usually refers to the straight chain isomer with the alcohol functional group at the terminal carbon, which is also known as n-butanol or 1-butanol. The straight chain isomer with the alcohol at an internal carbon is sec-butanol or 2-butanol. The branched isomer with the alcohol at a terminal carbon is isobutanol; 2-methyl-1-propanol, and the branched isomer with the alcohol at the internal carbon is tert-butanol; 2-methyl-2-propanol.

{]|isobutanol|}

Butanol isomers, due to their different structures, have somewhat different melting and boiling points. All are moderately miscible in water, less so than [ethanol, and more so than the higher (longer carbon chain) alcohols. This is because all alcohols have a hydroxyl group which makes them polar which in turn tends to promote solubility in water. At the same time the carbon chain of the alcohol resists solubility in water. Methanol, ethanol and propanol, are fully miscible in water because the hydroxyl group predominates while butanol is moderately miscible because of the balance between the two opposing solubility trends. Like many alcohols, butanol is toxic.

Uses Biobutanol Butanol is considered as a potential biofuel (butanol fuel). Butanol at 85 percent strength can be used in cars without any change to the engine (unlike ethanol) and it produces more power than ethanol and almost as much power as gasoline.

Other uses Butanol sees use as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical and textile processes, in organic synthesis and as a chemical intermediate. It is also used as a paint thinner and a solvent in other coating applications where it is used as a relatively slow evaporating latent solvent in lacquers and ambient-cured enamels. It finds other uses such as a component of hydraulic fluid and brake fluids. Isobutanol at chemicalland21.com

It is also used as a base for perfumes, but on its own has a highly alcoholic aroma.

Salts of butanol are chemical intermediates for example alkali metal salts of tert-butanol are tert-butoxides.

Production Since the 1950s, most butanol in the United States is produced commercially from fossil fuels. The most common process starts with propene, which is run through an hydroformylation reaction to form butanal, which is then reduced with hydrogen to butanol. Butanol can also be produced by fermentation (biochemistry) of biomass by bacteria. Prior to the 1950s, Clostridium acetobutylicum was used in industrial fermentation (biochemistry) processes producing butanol. Research in the past few decades showed results of other microorganisms that can produce butanol through fermentation (biochemistry).

See also

References

Merck Index, 12th Edition, 1575.

References

Merck Index, 12th Edition, 1575.

Butanol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Butanol or butyl alcohol (sometimes also called biobutanol when produced biologically), is a primary alcohol with a 4 carbon structure and the molecular formula of C 4 H 10 O.

Butanol fuel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Butanol may be used as a fuel in an internal combustion engine. Because its longer hydrocarbon chain causes it to be fairly nonpolar, it is more similar to gasoline than is ethanol ...

ButylFuel,LLC Main Page
Working to produce butanol using common agricultural feedstocks not only for use as a solvent, but as a fuel that can replace gasoline. Compares butanol to gasoline, future plans ...

Safety (MSDS) data for 1-butanol
Safety (MSDS) data for 1-butanol ... Glossary of terms on this data sheet. The information on this web page is provided to help you to work safely, but it is intended to be an ...

Chemical Safety Data: 1-butanol
Chemical Safety Data: 1-butanol ... Common synonyms: n-butanol, butanol, butyl alcohol, 1-butyl acohol, n-butyl alcohol, butan-1-ol

Butanol production for use as a Biofuel in Europe
Butanol is an alcohol that can be used as a transport fuel. It is a higher member of the series of straight chain alcohols with each molecule of butanol (C 4 H 10 O) containing ...

Definition: butanol dehydrogenase from Online Medical Dictionary
The Online Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.

Definition: butanol-extractable iodine from Online Medical Dictionary
The Online Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.

ButylFuel FAQ
Butanol, biobutanol ... Two sources: Sharon Haydu Sales Associate Ashland Chemicals 1842 Enterprise Pkwy Twinsburg, OH 44087

GCSE SCIENCE CHEMISTRY HIGH SCHOOL - Alcohol - Isomers - Butanol ...
gcsescience.com 38 ...